نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی جامعه المصطفی العالمیه نمایندگی گلستان
2 استادیار، هیئت علمی و ریاست جامعه المصطفی العالمیه نمایندگی گلستان
3 استادیار، هیئت علمی و مدیر گروه علمی حقوق و علوم سیاسی جامعه المصطفی العالمیه نمایندگی گلستان
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Women's education is not only a fundamental human right but also a key instrument for individual and social empowerment. Nevertheless, the structure of the husband's qiwāmah (marital authority) in Imami and Hanafi jurisprudence, together with the requirement of the wife's permission to leave the marital home, has created potential conflicts between this right and marital obligations. Employing a comparative-analytical methodology based on a normative reconstruction approach, this study examines the legitimacy and limits of a husband's opposition to his wife's education, particularly where a contractual clause guaranteeing the wife's right to education has been incorporated into the marriage contract. The findings demonstrate that, under Iranian law, an educational clause constitutes a valid and binding contractual obligation (sharṭ al-fiʿl), while Article 1117 of the Civil Code permits the husband to restrict the wife's educational activities only where they are in clear conflict with the interests of the family, subject to a distinction between general and specific marital duties of obedience. Under Afghanistan's former legal system, Article 607 of the Civil Code and Hanafi jurisprudence likewise recognized the validity of such a contractual condition. However, following the permanent prohibition on women's education announced in January 2026, a situation of impossibility of performance arising from governmental force majeure has emerged, rendering the practical execution of these contractual obligations impossible. Adopting the concept of the "continued normative validity under conditions of suspension," this study argues that previously established educational clauses remain legally valid despite the suspension of their practical enforcement and may once again become enforceable upon the removal of the governmental impediment. The study also offers practical insights for the future reconstruction of Afghanistan's legal framework concerning women's educational rights.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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