نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه حقوق دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Waqf is one of the most significant financial and socio-legal institutions in Islamic jurisprudence, founded upon the principle of the inalienable retention of the corpus (ḥabs al-ʿayn) and the dedication of its usufruct (tasbīl al-manfaʿah). Throughout history, it has played a pivotal role in advancing religious, social, and economic objectives. Islamic jurists of the various schools of law have advanced divergent views regarding the essential elements and legal requirements of waqf, differences that primarily stem from their respective analyses of its constituent components. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the present study examines these juristic approaches and, through an innovative analytical framework, proposes a tripartite classification of the legal structure of waqf. Under this framework, the essential elements of waqf are categorized into three groups: (1) substantive elements, comprising the waqif (settlor), the endowed property (mawqūf), and the charitable purpose or beneficiary (purpose of the waqf); (2) the constitutive element, namely the declaration of endowment (ṣīghah); and (3) managerial elements, encompassing the system of trusteeship (mutawallī) and the administration of the waqf estate. The findings demonstrate that this classification, while remaining faithful to the foundations of classical Islamic jurisprudence, provides a more comprehensive understanding of the legal structure of waqf and facilitates a more precise analysis of the institution within contemporary legal systems. Furthermore, an examination of modern legislation reveals that the managerial dimension of waqf has increasingly been institutionalized and systematically regulated in contemporary legal frameworks. The proposed framework offers a sound theoretical basis for reinterpreting the institution of waqf and enhancing its legal and institutional effectiveness in the modern era.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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