نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شبستر، رشته حقوق، گرایش حقوق خانواده
2 استادیار گروه حقوق، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The child, as the most fundamental human and social capital of any society, requires special legal protection to ensure full utilization of physical, psychological, and intellectual capacities for growth and self‑development. In recent decades, child rights have transcended a merely ethical norm and become one of the key indicators for evaluating the efficiency of legal systems and the level of human development of states. This research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the legal frameworks protecting children in Iran and Iraq, examining the similarities and differences in their legislative and executive structures. It adopts a descriptive‑analytical and comparative method, drawing upon national, jurisprudential, and international sources—including constitutional, civil, penal, and protective laws of both countries—alongside the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and relevant Islamic jurisprudential interpretations. The findings reveal that, despite sharing common religious and cultural foundations and both being parties to the CRC, the two legal systems exhibit significant divergences in domestic legislation and enforcement mechanisms. In Iran, child rights extend beyond the postnatal stage to include fetal rights, prenatal maintenance, and other financial and non‑financial entitlements grounded in Imami jurisprudence. Conversely, Iraq’s legal system, though influenced by CRC‑based reforms, still suffers from weak enforcement guarantees, the dominance of tribal traditions, and limited institutional capacity for effective child protection. Consequently, both countries face challenges such as child labor, early marriage, inadequate judicial oversight, weak protective institutions, and limited participation of children in decision‑making processes. The comparative analysis concludes that the realization of the CRC’s foundational principles depends on jurisprudentially grounded legislative reforms, enhanced efficiency of administrative institutions, and increased public education regarding child rights.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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